In proposing this book, I discuss the regulation of the global mining industry anchored in Canadian Free Mining, a Canadian mining sector that faces the absence of an extraterritorial regulatory state and the social responsibility of mining companies Canadians abroad. I demonstrate that the criteria for choosing public policy instruments by Canada in the regulation of its multinational mining companies that carry out their activities in developing countries present extraterritorial limits. Some Canadian multinational companies don’t respect human rights and invest little in the communities hosting their mining activities. At the end of the book, I present a case study of the mining regulatory framework of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) which demonstrates that this country fails to manage mining multinationals responsibly. Indeed, conflict minerals from the DRC sold throughout the world have caused the death of millions of people, which is, according to researchers, the cause of a major massacre since the Second World War.